![]() If you were talking to someone less close, you’d change your language: “my dad” ((私の)父) or “your dad” (お父さん). Think of this parallel in English: If you said to someone “Dad drove to the bank”, your use of “Dad” by itself implies you’re talking with someone close to you - either within the family or someone you know casually. ![]() ![]() When using “father” figuratively (such as “America’s founding fathers”), use 父 only. Refer to someone else’s father in the third-person as お父さん.Īs a general word for “father” (not referring to anyone’s father in particular), use 父 by default, but お父さん is also OK casually. Refer to your own father in the third-person as (私の)父 by default, but お父さん (never 私のお父さん) is OK in casual conversation with another family member or close friend. Let's continue using “father” as the example.Ĭall your own father お父さん (not 父) when talking directly to him. How to choose between the humble and non-humble forms: ![]() English has similar variants too - think “dad” versus “father”. For "father", 父(ちち) is the humble form, and お父さん(おとうさん) is the non-humble form. The Japanese words for family members have a humble form and a non-humble form. For example, 父(ちち) and お父さん(おとうさん) for "father" - which is correct to use, and when? It took me some time to really figure it out, so I thought I'd share my findings with everyone. Something I was confused about for a long time was how to distinguish between the different Japanese words for family members. ![]()
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